| Ipa-Number: | 140 |
| Ipa: | 120 |
| Xsampa: | x |
| Kirshenbaum: | x |
| Sound: | voiceless velar fricative.ogg |
The voiceless velar fricative, informally known as the hard ch, is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is x. The sound was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English.
Features of the voiceless velar fricative:
| IPA | Description |
|---|---|
| plain velar fricative | |
| labialized | |
| ejective | |
| ejective labialized | |
| semi-labialized | |
| strongly labialized |
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Afrikaans: [[Latin alphabet|'''''g'''oed'']] | 'well' | |||
| Aleut | Atkan dialect | Aleut: [[Latin alphabet|''ala'''x''''']] | 'two' | ||
| Angor | [[Latin alphabet|'''''h'''ombo'']] | 'to walk' | |||
| Arabic | Arabic: [[Arabic alphabet|خضراء]] | 'green (f)' | See Arabic phonology | ||
| Assamese | Assamese: [[Assamese script|অসমীয়া]] | 'Assamese' | |||
| Avar | Avaric: [[Cyrillic alphabet|чe'''хь''']] | 'belly' | |||
| Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani: [[Azeri alphabet|'''''x'''oş'']] | 'pleasant' | |||
| Bulgarian | Bulgarian: [[Bulgarian alphabet|ти'''х'''о]] | 'quietly' | |||
| Chinese | Mandarin | Chinese: [[Chinese characters|河]]/Chinese: [[Hanyu Pinyin|'''''h'''é'']] | 'river' | See Standard Mandarin | |
| Croatian | Croatian: [[Croatian alphabet|'''''H'''rvatski'']] | 'Croatian' | |||
| Czech | Czech: [[Czech orthography|'''''ch'''lap'']] | 'guy' | See Czech phonology | ||
| Dutch | Belgian Dutch | Dutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|''a'''ch'''t'']] | 'eight' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Scottish | English: [[English orthography|''lo'''ch''''']] | 'loch' | See English phonology | |
| Esperanto | Esperanto: [[Esperanto orthography|''mona'''ĥ'''o'']] | 'monk' | See Esperanto phonology | ||
| Eyak | [[Latin alphabet|''du'''x'''ł'']] | 'traps' | |||
| Georgian | Georgian: [[Georgian alphabet|ჯო'''ხ'''ი]] | 'stick' | |||
| German | German: [[German orthography|''Ku'''ch'''en'']] | 'cake' | See German phonology | ||
| Greek | Greek, Modern (1453-): [[Greek alphabet|'''χ'''αρά]] | 'joy' | See Modern Greek phonology | ||
| Hungarian | Hungarian: [[Hungarian orthography|''sa'''hh'''al'']] | 'with a shah' | See Hungarian phonology | ||
| Irish | Irish: [[Irish orthography|''deo'''ch''''']] | 'drink' | See Irish phonology | ||
| Lithuanian | Lithuanian: [[Lithuanian orthography|'''''ch'''oras'']] | 'chorus' | See Lithuanian phonology | ||
| Lojban | Lojban: [[Lojban_grammar#Orthography|'''''x'''atra'']] | 'letter' | |||
| Persian | Persian: [[Persian alphabet|خواهر]] | 'sister' | See Persian phonology | ||
| Polish | Polish: [[Polish orthography|'''''ch'''leb'']] | 'bread' | Also (in great majority of dialects) represented by | ||
| Portuguese | Brazilian | Portuguese: [[Latin alphabet|'''''r'''abo'']] | 'tail' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Russian | Russian: [[Russian orthography|'''х'''вост]] | 'tail' | See Russian phonology | ||
| Scottish Gaelic | Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|''lo'''ch''''']] | 'lake' | |||
| Serbian | Serbian: [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''х'''раст]]/Serbian: [[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''''h'''rast'']] | 'oak' | |||
| Slovak | Slovak: [[Slovak alphabet|'''''ch'''lap'']] | 'guy' | See Slovak phonology | ||
| Somali | Somali: [[Latin alphabet|'''''kh'''ad'']] | 'ink' | See Somali phonology | ||
| Spanish | Spanish; Castilian: [[Spanish orthography|''o'''j'''o'']] | 'eye' | See Spanish phonology | ||
| Xhosa | Xhosa: [[Latin alphabet|'''''rh'''oxisa'']] | 'to cancel' | |||
| Vietnamese | Vietnamese: [[Vietnamese alphabet|'''''kh'''ê'' ]] | 'to be burnt' | See Vietnamese phonology | ||
| Welsh | Welsh: [[Welsh alphabet|''car'''ch'''ar'']] | 'jail' | See Welsh phonology | ||
| Yaghan | xan | 'here' | |||