| Ipa-Number: | 103 (134) |
| Ipa-Text: | t͡ʃ |
| Ipa-Entity: | &
|
| Xsampa: | tS |
| Kirshenbaum: | tS |
The voiceless palato-alveolar affricate or domed postalveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip".
Historically, this sound often derives from a former voiceless velar plosive (k, as in English, Slavic languages and Romance languages), or a voiceless dental plosive by way of palatalization, especially next to a front vowel.
Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate:
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses two symbols together to represent this sound: . They may be joined with a tiebar (), and the may sometimes be given the "retracted" diacritic (). Formerly a ligature () was used. Other phonetic transcriptions used include:
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Albanian: [[Latin alphabet|'''''ç'''elur'']] | 'open' | ||||
| Aleut | Atkan dialect | Aleut: [[Latin alphabet|'''''ch'''amĝul'']] | 'to wash' | |||
| Amharic | 'you' f. sg. | |||||
| Arabic | Central Palestinian | Arabic: [[Arabic alphabet|مكتبة]] | 'library' | corresponds to in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology | ||
| Jordanian | كتاب | 'book' | ||||
| Iraqi | ||||||
| Azeri | Azerbaijani: [[Azerbaijani alphabet|''Əkin'''ç'''i'']] | 'the ploughman' | ||||
| Basque | Basque: [[Latin alphabet|'''''tx'''alupa'']] | 'boat' | ||||
| Catalan | Catalan; Valencian: [[Latin alphabet|''a'''tx'''a'']] | 'big candle' | See Catalan phonology | |||
| Czech | Czech: [[Czech orthography|''mor'''č'''e'']] | 'guinea pig' | See Czech phonology | |||
| Coptic | Bohairic dialect | 'touch' | ||||
| Croatian | Croatian: [[Croatian alphabet|''u'''č'''itelj'']] | 'teacher' | ||||
| Deg Hit'an | example needed | align="center" | -- | |||
| Dena’ina | example needed | align="center" | -- | |||
| English | English: [[English orthography|''blea'''ch''''']] | 'bleach' | See English phonology | |||
| Esperanto | Esperanto: [[Esperanto orthography|'''''ĉ'''ar'']] | 'because' | ||||
| Faroese | Faroese: [[Latin alphabet|'''''tj'''ørn'']] | 'lake' | ||||
| Georgian | Georgian: [[Georgian alphabet|ჩიხი]] | 'impasse' | ||||
| Gwich’in | Gwich'in: [[Latin alphabet|example needed]] | align="center" | -- | |||
| Hän | Athapascan languages: [[Latin alphabet|example needed]] | align="center" | -- | |||
| Hebrew | Hebrew: [[Hebrew alphabet|'''צ''''כיה]] | 'Czech Republic' | See Hebrew phonology | |||
| Italian | Italian: [[Italian alphabet|'''''ci'''ao'']] | 'ciao' | See Italian phonology | |||
| Hungarian | Hungarian: [[Hungarian alphabet|''gyümöl'''cs'''lé'']] | 'juice' | See Hungarian phonology | |||
| K'iche' | K'iche' | K'iche'' | Contrasts with ejective form | |||
| Maltese | Maltese: [[Maltese alphabet|''bli'''ċ''''']] | 'bleach' | ||||
| Norwegian | Norwegian: [[Norwegian alphabet|'''''kj'''økken'']] | 'kitchen' | Only in some dialects, see Norwegian phonology | |||
| Persian | Persian: [[Persian alphabet|چوب]] | 'wood' | See Persian phonology | |||
| Portuguese | Brazilian | Portuguese: [[Latin alphabet|''presiden'''t'''e'']] | 'president' | Allophone of . See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Punjabi | example needed | -- | ||||
| Romanian | Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan: [[Romanian alphabet|'''''c'''er'']] | 'sky' | See Romanian phonology | |||
| Rotuman | [[Latin alphabet|'''''j'''oni'']] | 'to flee' | ||||
| Scottish Gaelic | Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|''slàin'''t'''e'']] | 'health' | ||||
| Serbian | Serbian: [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Чоколада]]/Serbian: [[Gaj’s Latin alphabet|'''''č'''okoláda'']] | 'chocolate' | ||||
| Slovak | Slovak: [[Latin alphabet|''kľú'''č''''']] | 'key' | ||||
| Spanish | Spanish; Castilian: [[Spanish orthography|'''''ch'''afar'']] | 'to flatten' | See Spanish phonology | |||
| Turkish | Turkish: [[Turkish alphabet|''u'''ç'''ak'']] | 'airplane' | See Turkish phonology | |||
| Ubykh | colspan=2 align="center" | 'pepper' | See Ubykh phonology | |||
| Ukrainian | Ukrainian: [[Ukrainian alphabet|'''ч'''отири]] | 'four' | See Ukrainian phonology | |||
Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Catalan, and Thai have a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate ; this is technically postalveolar but it is less precise to use .