Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland explained

This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Introduction

In the nineteenth century radicalism of Freisinn became the dominant political force, which it remained for long times in the twentieth century. Both the major Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz/Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse, member LI), ELDR and the minor Liberal Party of Switzerland (Liberale Partei der Schweiz//Parti Libéral Suisse, member LI) are right of center liberal parties.

The timeline

From Liberal Democrats to Liberal Party of Switzerland

1893: The moderate liberals established the Liberal Democrats (Liberaldemokraten), but most German speaking liberals joined in 1894 the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
1913: The party is renamed Liberal Democratic Party (Liberaldemokratische Partei)
1961: The party is reorganised into the Liberal Democratic Union of Switzerland (Liberaldemokratische Union der Schweiz)
1977: The party is renamed Liberal Party of Switzerland (Liberale Partei der Schweiz/Parti Libéral Suisse)

Free Democratic Party of Switzerland

1894: The Radicals or in German Freisinn, dominant factor in Swiss politics, established as party the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz/Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse)
1896: A faction formed the ⇒ Extreme Left
1918: A conservative faction seceded as the Farmers', Traders' and Citizens' Party
1941: The Zürich branch joined the ⇒ Democratic Party of Switzerland
1971: The Zürich branch of the ⇒ Democratic Party of Switzerland joined the party

From Extreme Left to Democratic Party of Switzerland

1896: The left wing of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland established the Extreme Left (Äußerste Linke)
1905: The Extreme Left organised itself as the social liberal Democratic Party of Switzerland (Demokratische Partei der Schweiz)
1941: A Zürich faction of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland joined the party
1971: The Zürich branch of the party returned to the ⇒ Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, the Glarus and Grisons branches merged into the Swiss People's Party

Alliance of Independents

1936: Gottlieb Duttweiler formed the Alliance of Independents as a social liberal party
1990s: The party disappeared

Liberal leaders

Freisinn: Ludwig Snell - Johann Escher